History of Castel Sant'Angelo

The History of Castel Sant'Angelo begins with its original construction as a mausoleum for the Roman Emperor Hadrian in 139 AD. The mausoleum was a monumental tomb that housed the remains of Hadrian and his family. The structure was located on the right bank of the Tiber River, just outside the walls of ancient Rome. It was built in the shape of a cylinder, with a diameter of about 65 meters and a height of about 21 meters. The building was covered in marble and decorated with statues and reliefs, making it a grand and impressive sight.

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Castel Sant'Angelo was converted into a fortress to protect the city against invaders. The building's strategic location overlooking the Tiber River made it an ideal stronghold. In the 5th century, the Visigoths invaded Rome, and the fortress was used to defend the city. Later, in the 14th century, the fortress was renovated and strengthened by the popes, who added walls and towers to make it even more impregnable.

During the Middle Ages, Castel Sant'Angelo was occupied by various ruling factions and underwent several modifications. The fortress was used by the popes as a residence and a place to store treasures and weapons. In the 14th century, Pope Nicholas III built a secret passageway that connected the fortress to the Vatican, allowing the pope to escape in case of danger. The fortress was also used as a prison, and many political prisoners were held there over the years.

Also Take a Look At:

• Castel Sant'Angelo at Night
• Castel Sant'Angelo Dress Code
• Castel Sant'Angelo Architecture
• Castel Sant'Angelo Facts

During the Renaissance and Baroque period, Castel Sant'Angelo underwent significant changes. Pope Julius II commissioned architect Donato Bramante to redesign the interior of the fortress, turning it into a luxurious palace. The pope's successors continued the renovation, adding frescoes and decorations that made it one of the most magnificent palaces in Rome. The fortress was also used as a military barracks during this period.

In the 19th century, Castel Sant'Angelo was used as a museum, and many of its original decorations and furnishings were restored. The fortress played a significant role in Italian history during World War II, serving as a bunker and air raid shelter for the Italian military. Today, Castel Sant'Angelo is a popular tourist destination, and visitors can explore the museum, climb to the top of the fortress for panoramic views of the city, and learn about the rich and fascinating history of this remarkable building.